The median home value in Placentia, CA is $1,146,958.
This is
higher than
the county median home value of $900,000.
The national median home value is $308,980.
The average price of homes sold in Placentia, CA is $1,146,958.
Approximately 63% of Placentia homes are owned,
compared to 35% rented, while
3% are vacant.
Placentia real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you like to see a property, contact Placentia real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
Learn more about Placentia.
Professional photos soon! Beautiful townhouse surrounded by lush tropical landscaping, tranquil ponds, and flowing streams. This inviting home features a cozy living room with a fireplace, a dining area, and a well-designed kitchen ideal for everyday living and entertaining. Upstairs, a charming staircase leads to two spacious bedrooms and a full bathroom. The primary bedroom offers a private balcony, perfect for relaxing and enjoying the peaceful surroundings. Downstairs, a sliding glass door opens to a private patio with a dedicated laundry room and a serene stream just beyond - creating a true indoor-outdoor retreat. Prime Placentia location! Conveniently located near local schools within the Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified School District (buyer to verify), including nearby elementary, middle, and high schools. The home is just minutes from shopping centers, grocery stores, dining, and everyday conveniences such as Placentia Town Center and surrounding retail plazas. Larger shopping and entertainment options, including Brea Mall, are a short drive away. Enjoy resort-style community amenities including pools, spa, tennis courts, - all within a beautifully maintained neighborhood with easy access to major freeways for commuting throughout Orange County.
Open House:
Saturday, 1/17 11:00-3:00PM
Brand new, move-in-ready 3-bedroom, 2-bath home offering approximately 1,512 sq ft of living space, located in the quiet and desirable Hacienda senior community in Placentia. This newly constructed residence features modern finishes, quality craftsmanship, and a well-designed floor plan ideal for comfortable living. Enjoy a peaceful setting within the park, low space rent, and parking for two cars. Conveniently located near shopping, dining, and major freeways, this is a rare opportunity to own a turnkey home in a well-established senior community.
Senior Park Community 55+...This lovely 2 bed 2 bath home needs a little TLC and has a lot to offer. This large spacious home has an updated kitchen, newer appliances, remodeled master bath with a large tile walk-in shower and a Master bedroom to die for .The closet is a huge walk-in and this room has a cut out off to the side for a small office with built in bookshelf (very nice features). The roof is about 4 years old and it has new Energy efficient double pane windows. The front porch looks out the greenbelt so you have a lot of privacy and a great view. We are near a bus stop, restaurants, and shopping areas. Please call today for schedule an appt.
If you have been searching for an amazing home with "great bones," a massive lot, and top-tier school rankings, look no further. This 1,916 sq. ft. single-family home, built in 1975, represents a fantastic opportunity for buyers looking to secure a property in a highly desirable area. Tucked away on a quiet cul-de-sac, the home sits on a premium 9,180 sq. ft. lot, offering a level of privacy and versatility rarely found. The 3-car garage is a major highlight - ideal for multi-vehicle households, storage, or a dedicated hobby space. Inside, you'll find 4 spacious bedrooms and 3 bathrooms, creating a solid, functional layout that's ready to be customized to your personal style. Beyond the property itself, the location truly shines. You're just minutes from local amenities and located within a district served by highly rated schools, providing an excellent environment for education and long-term value. With the added benefit of NO Mello-Roos and NO HOA, you'll enjoy lower monthly costs while maximizing your equity potential. This is an exceptional opportunity offering space, privacy, strong schools, and freedom - all in one sought-after setting.
Searching for a spacious, beautifully remodeled home on a charming, sought-after street in Placentia's highly desirable El Dorado School District? Look no further. This stunning 4-bedroom, 2.5-bath residence has been thoughtfully and comprehensively updated, with no detail overlooked.Enjoy a fully remodeled kitchen, bathrooms, staircase, flooring, lighting, and closet doors, complemented by all-new windows and a sliding glass door that flood the home with natural light. Fresh interior and exterior paint enhance the bright, modern aesthetic, while the fully restored double front entry doors create a striking first impression.The spacious primary suite features a beautifully redesigned bath with dual vanities, a walk-in shower, and an adjacent large walk-in closet, offering both comfort and functionality.Step outside to a generous backyard oasis with a covered patio and mature avocado, fruit, and plumeria trees--perfect for relaxing or entertaining. An extra-large driveway, RV gate, and expansive front lawn provide abundant parking and storage options.Behind the scenes, enjoy peace of mind with major updates already completed, including an updated roof and plumbing, all new switches, GFCIs, door hinges, and doorknobs, a recently serviced HVAC system, and recent termite tenting. The generous 7,002 sq ft lot offers excellent flexibility, with ample space to accommodate a potential ADU (buyer to verify), adding future value and versatility.This home has never been on the market before and is being sold by the original owner family, with care and love. This is a unicorn!
Fully remodeled 4-Bedroom Pool & Spa home, ideally located on a cul-de-sac in a desirable Placentia neighborhood, near Tri-City Park, shopping, and award-winning Placentia-Yorba Linda schools. All 2,164 sq ft of this open floor plan home was remodeled in 2024 - providing the comforts of modern living while maintaining the charm and unique Craftsman style features. Featuring a serene front-yard, with mature landscaping, a wood-panel fence and brick accent sidewalk, driveway and porch compliment the exterior Craftsman architecture. Home system improvements include: new roof, high-efficiency HVAC, newer exterior paint, and partially upgraded dual-pane windows. Upgrades since full-home remodel in 2024 include: leased solar system, custom window coverings, an EV-Car Charger, and 2 Tesla Batteries. Step inside to an modern, open floor plan filled with natural light from the 3-skylights and abundant windows, highlighted by fresh interior paint and new flooring throughout. The spacious living areas flow seamlessly into a brand-new gourmet kitchen featuring all-newer appliances, quartz countertops, custom cabinetry, and an oversized island with storage and additional seating options. The main-level primary suite provides a private retreat with a spa-inspired bath, while three additional bedrooms upstairs offer flexibility for guests, home offices, or playrooms. Step outside to a private backyard oasis complete with a generous-sized pool and spa, patio space complete with gas fireplace, dedicated BBQ setup, and lush landscaping - perfect for entertaining.
Beautifully renovated 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom home with office in Lake Park Placentia. Premium wood flooring, granite countertops throughout, gas cooktop island, dual vanity primary bath, beamed ceilings, modern lighting. 2020 renovation includes new roof, energy-efficient windows, electrical upgrades, extended carport. Corner lot, single-level living. Lake Park Placentia amenities include pool, spa, clubhouse, fitness center, library, and lake. 55+ age-restricted community. Primary resident 55+, secondary 45+ or spouse. Park approval required. IMPORTANT: Space rent reported as approximately $1,527/month plus utilities but SUBJECT TO CHANGE. Current space rent amount and any scheduled increases MUST be verified directly by buyers and buyer's agents with Lake Park Placentia park management BEFORE making offer. Listing agent makes NO representations regarding space rent amount and is NOT responsible for any rent changes during escrow or after listing. Buyers responsible for ALL verifications. Property sold AS-IS.
Welcome to 1645 La Paloma Avenue, a move-in ready home in the heart of desirable Placentia. Lovingly owned since 2012, this well-maintained residence showcases beautiful wood flooring throughout and true pride of ownership. A new roof installed just two years ago provides added peace of mind. The low-maintenance front and backyard make outdoor living easy and enjoyable. Located in a quiet, family-friendly neighborhood near award-winning Placentia-Yorba Linda schools, Tri-City Park, Alta Vista Golf Course, shopping, dining, and freeway access. A fantastic opportunity to own a turn-key home in one of North Orange County's most sought-after communities.
Come and Discover 123 Orange Grove in Placentia. This home is the ideal turnkey Arts & Crafts bungalow for the hard-working first-time buyer, offering a strategic two-bedroom, one-bathroom investment that merges historic charm with modern, cost-saving amenities. The majestic framework features a sunlit living room with period cove ceilings, a decorative fireplace, built-in storage, and luxurious updated flooring. The remodeled kitchen boasts sleek stainless steel appliances, granite countertops, and a bay window. Crucially, the main bathroom includes a professional renovation (new shower, vanity, and toilet etc.), eliminating immediate capital expenses. The property's defining asset is the detached sunroom/guest suite with an en-suite bathroom and private reading room, offering unparalleled income-supplementing flexibility as a home office or rental unit to accelerate equity growth. Additional conveniences include a secondary bedroom with private cooling and a laundry/mudroom. The generous lot provides ample outdoor space and excellent potential for an Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU). This strategic location ensures unrivaled commute convenience via immediate access to the 91, 57, and 55 freeways, Downtown Placentia, CSUF, and is just 20 minutes from Newport Beach. This rare, move-in-ready opportunity is an intelligent investment in your future. Secure your homeownership success; schedule your private showing today!
This exceptional single-story pool home checks every box for modern California living. Imagine four bedrooms, updated designer finishes throughout, and a jaw-dropping resort-style pool and spa - all glowing with tons of natural light and an open, inviting layout perfect for everyday living and entertaining. Located in a highly desirable neighborhood with sought-after schools and easy access to conveniences, this home blends timeless comfort with contemporary style. The moment you step inside, vaulted ceilings in the living room and an airy atrium draw your eye upward and infuse the space with brightness and flow. The updated modern kitchen and bathrooms create a seamless feel with clean lines, premium finishes, and intentional design. With no carpet anywhere, the home feels sleek and move-in ready, appealing to buyers who prioritize low maintenance and contemporary style. The smart split floorplan - two bedrooms on one side and two on the opposite - offers privacy and flexibility, ideal for families with older kids, guests, multi-gen living, or a home office setup. Walls of updated windows and sliding glass doors bring the backyard to life, creating a smooth indoor-outdoor connection to your private backyard oasis. Lounge by the pool, unwind in the spa, or gather around the fire pit and covered patio - this backyard is built for entertaining, relaxation, and weekend BBQs. Additional features include a new roof, solar, two Tesla chargers in the garage, possible RV parking, a separate living room and family room for multiple gathering spaces, fresh modern exterior paint, and low-maintenance landscaping that lets you enjoy the California lifestyle without the upkeep. This is more than a home - it's a lifestyle destination that delivers comfort, style, and year-round enjoyment.
COMMUTER friendly RARE opportunity to OWN a piece of paradise in a peaceful & SAFE GATED Community of Crescent Heights in the heart of Placentia in close proximity to the 91 & 55 & 57 & 5 freeways. 4 Bedroom 4 Bath option for 5th Bedroom. OPEN FLOOR PLAN. French Country Architecture. Amazing VIEWS in the rear. Association Amenities include POOL/SPA, BBQ and front landscaping. Community of Charming UPSCALE designed Seventy Five Homes. 4 Bedrooms upstairs and OPTIONAL 5th BEDROOM DOWNSTAIRS. Built-in Custom Closets in Primary Bedroom. Mirrored Closet Doors in every Bedroom. Ceiling Fans in Every Bedroom and Living room. Google NEST thermostat. Tile flooring Downstairs & Wood Flooring Upstairs. Two Crystal Chandeliers. Custom Crown Molding & Plantation Shutters everywhere. Very Spacious Primary Bedroom and en-suite Bathroom. Gourmet Kitchen with an airy Kitchen Island and Stainless steel appliances and Granite Countertops. ENTERTAINER backyard. 2 Car Garage and Long Driveway that can park additional 3 Cars. Tesla Charger installed on side of home adjacent to Driveway for Convenience. Epoxy coated Garage floor. Sink & Range in Garage makes the Garage double as a man cave. Built in Storage in Garage. Close to Shopping, Restaurants and Award winning Schools such as Glenview Elementary, Esperanza High School. Easy to maintain Paved back & side yard. Citrus & Rose trees. Dual AC Compressors. Filtration Water System. Leased Forty Solar panels to more than satisfy all your Electric needs.
Open House:
Saturday, 1/17 12:00-4:00PM
Executive home located in a well-established Placentia neighborhood. You're welcomed by a beautifully landscaped, private courtyard filled with lush greenery and colorful flowers. This spacious residence offers a 3-car garage and well-proportioned bedrooms, walk-in closets, with one bedroom and one bathroom conveniently located downstairs. Designed for both comfort and entertaining, the home features two fireplaces - one in the living room and one in the family room - along with a formal dining room and a separate laundry room with a convenient upstairs laundry chute. The large kitchen includes an island, abundant cabinetry, and a separate wet bar, ideal for gatherings. The expansive primary suite offers a true retreat with walk in closet, dual vanities, separate bathroom areas, a dedicated makeup area, and additional closet space. Additional highlights include Energy efficient windows and shutters, LED lighting, HVAC, Alarm and Pool Solar. Step outside to your private backyard oasis, complete with a pool, spa, fire pit, and large covered patios, surrounded by mature trees that provide exceptional privacy. RV access and a large driveway add to the home's versatility. Ideally located near top-rated schools, shopping, parks, and dining, this exceptional property is perfect for those seeking space, comfort, and a prime location. Make this your forever home - schedule a private tour today!
An Ideal First Home in the Heart of Placentia - HUDSON EAST. If you've been waiting for the perfect opportunity to own your first home, this brand-new townhome at HUDSON EAST checks all the boxes. Located in a welcoming, private community of just 39 homes, this thoughtfully designed one-bedroom, one-and-a-half-bath residence offers a smart, low-maintenance lifestyle with modern finishes and energy-efficient features - ideal for first-time buyers. Inside, you'll find tall ceilings, a bright open-concept floor plan, and luxury vinyl plank flooring. The modern kitchen is beautifully appointed with white thermofoil cabinetry, quartz countertops, and stainless steel appliances. Additional highlights include abundant storage, dual-pane windows, an electric water heater, and a private one-car garage. Enjoy an easy transition into homeownership with a move-in-ready design, manageable HOA, and a layout that maximizes space, comfort, and natural light. Best of all, the builder is currently offering special year-end incentives, including interest rate buy-downs, helping make monthly payments more affordable and homeownership more attainable. Perfectly positioned with quick and easy access to the 91, 55, and 57 freeways, this home offers exceptional convenience for commuters. Enjoy nearby Yorba Regional Park, featuring miles of scenic trails, multiple playgrounds, and peaceful ponds for fishing. Just minutes away, explore local attractions such as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library, the new Yorba Linda Town Center with a brand-new Regal movie theater, Bristol Farms, and a wide variety of dining options. Golf enthusiasts will appreciate close proximity to Black Gold Golf Course, offering a driving range, popular bar and grill, and breathtaking hillside views. This opportunity will not last long, so come see these great new townhomes today!
Welcome home to this beautifully maintained, move-in-ready two-story condo located in the desirable Chapman Parke community. Step inside to a light and airy living space featuring a spacious step-down living and dining area with elegant newer laminate wood flooring downstairs and bamboo flooring upstairs. The dining nook is enhanced by a ceiling fan and opens seamlessly to a private patio through a sliding glass door - ideal for outdoor dining or entertaining guests. The kitchen boasts granite countertops, a gas stovetop, newer dishwasher, microwave, new garbage disposal, and an additional sliding door with access to the patio, creating wonderful cross-breeze potential and added outdoor enjoyment. A convenient downstairs bathroom, tankless water heater, and inside laundry area with stackable washer/dryer hookups completes the main level. Upstairs, the primary bedroom offers vaulted ceilings, mirrored closet doors, a ceiling fan, and an en-suite bathroom with a shower. The secondary bedroom also features a ceiling fan, mirrored closet doors, and a charming window with neighborhood views. Both have Ikea closet systems. Plus an additional full hall bathroom. Residents of Chapman Parke enjoy access to community amenities including a refreshing pool and spa. Quick access to the 57 Freeway, local schools, and nearby shopping and dining. HOA dues include water and trash. The unit also comes with one assigned carport space and one additional uncovered parking spot.
Welcome to 220 E Madison Ave, a well-maintained 4-bedroom, 3-bath home offering 2,046 sqft of living space on a spacious 7,916 sqft lot in the heart of Placentia. Enjoy a bright, open layout, generously sized rooms, and a large backyard with endless potential. Close to top PYLUSD schools, parks, shopping, dining, and freeways. A perfect blend of comfort, space, and prime Orange County location.
A fantastic opportunity to own a 2-bedroom, 2.5-bathroom condo in the highly desirable Placentia community. The living area features a cozy fireplace and an open layout that flows seamlessly into the kitchen. Vinyl flooring extends throughout the home. The kitchen comes with a new sink and granite countertops, and a convenient powder room on the main level adds comfort for guests. Upstairs, you'll find two spacious primary suites, each with its own full bathroom for comfort and privacy. The central HVAC system is nearly new at just 3 years old. The lower level includes a 2-car attached garage with laundry area, keeping noise away from the living spaces. Close to shopping, hospital, dining, parks, and freeways. This condo can be perfect for first-time homeowners or small families. Priced to sell quickly! Act fast. Don't miss this opportunity. Low HOA: $325/month.
Beautiful single story spacious turnkey home is located in a quite Placentia neighborhood near the Alta Vista Golf Club.This home has been tastefully upgraded and fully remodeled. Here are so many quality upgrades throughout this property including modern kitchen, renovated bathrooms, wood floor, double-pane windows, newer copper plumbing, newer water heater, central HVAC and recessed lights, etc. Lovingly maintained and upgraded, this spacious home offers approximately 2,300 sq. ft. of bright, open living space with 4 bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms. The entryway leads to a big living room that flows seamlessly into the formal dining area, which connects to a well-appointed kitchen and convenient inside laundry room. Additional highlights include a large family room with a upgrade fireplace, a guest half bath, a covered patio, and an attached 2 car garage. The professionally landscaped backyard provides a serene setting for entertaining or relaxing. This home sits on a 8000 sq. ft. lot, has a RV potential. The neighborhood is ideally located near Alta Vista Country Club, Village Center Shopping Center, Parque Del Arroyo Verde Park, and Champions Sports Center. The highly rated schools include Wagner Elementary, Tuffree Middle, and El Dorado High School. Don't miss the rare opportunity to own a peaceful, private gem in one of Placentia's most exclusive neighborhoods.
Welcome to this beautiful 3 bedroom 2.5 bath home in the highly sought after gated community of Altura. Walk into this bright, spacious, upgraded home with beautiful wood flooring, custom kitchen cabinets with granite counters. A convenient bar area overlooks the kitchen. The open concept floorplan also offers a nice sized living room and dining area and boasts a lovely fireplace/TV area, perfect for evening relaxation. Downstairs also features a half bath for convenience. Right outside the dining area is the back patio, perfect for entertaining and relaxing. No neighbors behind so you have absolute privacy. Upstairs you will find two very spacious en-suite bedrooms with a third room that can be used as an office, babies room or gym. The single attached garage has laundry hook ups for washer and dryer. Additional parking passes are available. This community offers resort like amenities such as pool, spa and fitness center and beautifully landscaped common areas. Ideally situated near shopping, top rated schools and convenient access to freeways, this property is a perfect location for modern living.
SALE PRICE IS INCLUDED ALL FURNITURES AND APPLIENCES) Beautifully Renovated Home in a Friendly Placentia Neighborhood Welcome to this stunning two-story home nestled in one of Placentia's most desirable and family-friendly neighborhoods. Featuring 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms, this residence offers both comfort and modern elegance throughout. Step through the double door entry into a bright, open living space filled with natural light. The home was fully renovated in 2022, showcasing new roofing, laminate flooring, recessed lighting, and dual-pane windows for energy efficiency and style. The spacious extra-large primary suite, located on the second floor, provides a private retreat with ample space for relaxation. The modern kitchen and open floor plan make entertaining easy, while the large backyard patio is perfect for outdoor gatherings. Situated on an 8,000+ sq. ft. lot, the property offers plenty of room for entertaining or even the potential to add an ADU. Enjoy the convenience of being close to top-rated schools, shopping centers, grocery stores, restaurants, parks, and more - everything you need is just minutes away. Don't miss this incredible opportunity to own a move-in ready home in the heart of Placentia
Welcome to the ideal home to grow and make lasting memories. Offered for the first time in nearly two decades, this charming cul-de-sac home sits on an oversized, flat 7,900+ sq ft lot, providing rare outdoor space for pets to roam, and gatherings to thrive. Step inside to a warm and inviting layout featuring a refreshed and generously sized kitchen, a formal living room, and a cozy den - perfect for movie nights, reading, or just relaxing. French doors open directly to the backyard, creating a seamless indoor-outdoor flow that you are sure to love. The expansive backyard feels like a private oasis, complete with fruit-bearing orange, guava, and pomegranate trees, plenty of room for recreation, gardening, and space for weekend barbecues and celebrations. Recent exterior paint gives the home beautiful curb appeal, while the whole-home water filtration system and leased solar panels help provide healthy living and low utility costs. Side RV/boat parking adds convenience and plenty of space for toys. Located on a quiet, low-traffic cul-de-sac, this home offers privacy, comfort, and an incredible outdoor lifestyle, all just minutes from schools, parks, shopping, and dining. This is the home you've been waiting for - spacious, welcoming, and ready to create new memories. Leased solar- buyer to take over lease- currently $140. / month
Welcome to 1213 E Providence Loop, the largest model in an intimate gated enclave of just 54 homes. Thoughtfully designed for elegant everyday living and effortless entertaining, this residence offers 5 en-suite bedrooms including a spacious ground-level suite ideal for guests or multigenerational living plus an additional main-floor guest bath. Inside, refined finishes set the tone: Spanish marble floors flow through the entry, kitchen and family room, while beautiful vinyl flooring warms the remaining rooms. The open family room expands to a generous California room with electric shades and a fireplace, creating year-round indoor-outdoor living, perfect for gatherings or quiet evenings at home. The chef-inspired kitchen pairs quartz countertops with a striking marble backsplash, maple wood cabinetry, and built-in, high-quality appliances. Architectural touches, vaulted ceilings, recessed lighting, custom wall moulding, and designer surfaces elevate every space. Upstairs, find three secondary suites and a serene primary retreat, each with its own bath for comfort and privacy. Everyday upgrades deliver efficiency and peace of mind: Insulation between all rooms incl. first and second floor, paid solar, whole-home water softener, tankless water heater, smart-home system, and drip irrigation. A finished, attached 2-car garage with epoxy flooring adds a polished, low-maintenance workspace and clean storage zone, keeping daily life organized. Set within a quiet, friendly neighborhood, connected to the highly rated Yorba Linda-Placentia Unified School District, this home blends luxury finishes with practical comforts in one exceptional Placentia location.
2 Bedroom 2 Bath *** Dual Pane Windows *** Central A/C *** Remodeled Kitchen *** inviting front porch *** private garden area *** lake park community with tons of amenities!!!
The Elina home design offers an alluring mix of elegant design and functional living spaces. Entering through the foyer, you are greeted by an inviting open floor plan that seamlessly connects a two-story great room, casual dining area, and gourmet kitchen that features a central island with breakfast bar, wraparound counter and cabinet space, and a spacious pantry. On the second floor, an optional loft provides additional versatile space for relaxation and entertainment. The luxurious primary suite boasts a coffered ceiling, dual sinks in the primary bathroom, a luxurious shower, and a separate soaking tub. Additional highlights include secondary bedroom suites that feature roomy closets and a shared hall bath, a laundry room conveniently located on the bedroom level, and a gorgeous outdoor living area ideal for enjoying beautiful weather. Included Designer Appointed Features through the home, solar system. Move in Ready condition.
Presenting 212 S Kraemer , this 2 bed 2bath has a newer look, situated on the second floor with inside laundry hook ups, great view of playground and pool area for total come home and relax ambiance. Close to 91 and 57 Freeway and many dining choices, also nearby Cal state Fullerton. neighboring Placentia Civic center and Polic department, plus Public Library.
The wonderfully crafted Gallica immediately impresses with an alluring great room that overlooks a welcoming foyer, a bright casual dining area, and a large luxury outdoor living space. Complementing the well-designed kitchen is an oversized center island with a breakfast bar, wraparound counter and cabinet space, and a roomy pantry. The marvelous primary bedroom suite is secluded on the second floor, complete with a stunning walk-in closet and a serene primary bath with dual-sink vanity, a large soaking tub, a luxe shower, and a private water closet. Central to a spacious loft, secondary bedrooms offer sizable closets and share a full hall bath with a separate dual-sink vanity area. A desirable first-floor bedroom with a closet and shared hall bath can be found off the foyer. Additional highlights include second-floor laundry and plenty of additional storage. Solar System included. The community amenities include private park for homeowners, HOA maintained front yards, as well as a gated entry to the community. Homesite 29, has an estimated closing date in early 2026 Photos provided are renderings, actual home is under construction.
Copyright © 2026 SmartSites.org .

Website designed by Constellation1, a division of Constellation Web Solutions, Inc.